Pigmentation means areas of skin that look darker than the surrounding skin. It is very common in Indian skin types and has many causes, so the right treatment depends on what type you have.
Common types
- Melasma: brown or grey-brown patches on the cheeks, forehead or upper lip, often linked to sun, hormones and pregnancy
- Post-inflammatory marks after acne, eczema, burns or injuries
- Tanning and sun spots
- Freckles
- Dark neck or underarms, which can be linked to friction, weight or insulin resistance
Daily care that helps
- Sunscreen every day, SPF 30 or more, reapplied outdoors; visible light and heat can also worsen melasma, so tinted sunscreens can help
- Avoid harsh scrubs, lemon, bleaching creams and home remedies that irritate the skin
- Never use steroid-containing "fairness" creams; they can damage skin and cause serious side effects
- Ingredients such as vitamin C, niacinamide and azelaic acid may help mild unevenness
Treatment options
A dermatologist may combine prescription creams, chemical peels and laser toning, depending on the type and depth of pigmentation. Melasma can be controlled, but it often returns with sun exposure, so maintenance is important.
When to see a dermatologist
- Patches are spreading or not improving with sun protection
- You have a dark neck along with weight gain or irregular periods
- A spot is changing in size, shape or colour, bleeds or itches
- You have used steroid creams and your skin is now red, thin or sensitive
Helpful ingredients to read about
Related treatments at the clinic
This page is for general information and is not a diagnosis. Please consult a dermatologist for advice about your own skin, hair or nails.