Dandruff is very common. It is usually caused by seborrhoeic dermatitis, a reaction to a yeast that lives naturally on oily areas of skin. It can come and go, and often flares in humid weather or with stress.
Caring for your scalp
- Wash regularly with a mild shampoo; dandruff often improves with more frequent washing
- Use an anti-dandruff shampoo (with ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide or ciclopirox) two or three times a week
- Leave medicated shampoo on the scalp for 3–5 minutes before rinsing
- Avoid leaving heavy oil on the scalp for long periods if you have dandruff
- Dry hair properly, especially in the monsoon
Not all flakes are dandruff
Psoriasis, eczema, fungal infections and allergic reactions to hair dye can also cause scaling and itching. These need different treatment, so persistent symptoms should be checked.
When to see a dermatologist
- Flakes or itching continue after 4–6 weeks of anti-dandruff shampoo
- The scalp is red, thick, sore, oozing or has patches of hair loss
- Rash also appears on the face, eyebrows or behind the ears
Related treatments at the clinic
This page is for general information and is not a diagnosis. Please consult a dermatologist for advice about your own skin, hair or nails.