Acne is the most common skin condition in young people, and many adults have it too. It happens when oil and dead skin block hair follicles, bacteria grow and the skin becomes inflamed.
Common triggers
- Hormonal changes during puberty, periods, pregnancy or conditions such as PCOS
- Heavy, oily cosmetics and hair oils that reach the forehead
- Some medicines, including certain steroids
- Squeezing or picking pimples, which spreads inflammation
- For some people, high-sugar foods or dairy may play a part
What you can do at home
- Wash twice a day with a gentle face wash; scrubbing makes acne worse
- Use non-comedogenic moisturiser and sunscreen
- Products with salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide or adapalene can help mild acne
- Change pillow covers often and keep phones and hands off your face
- Be patient: most treatments take 6–12 weeks to work
Acne scars and marks
Dark or red marks after pimples often fade over months with sun protection. True scars, such as pits or raised scars, do not fade on their own. Treatments such as chemical peels, microneedling with radiofrequency (MNRF), fractional CO2 laser and subcision can improve them, ideally once the acne is under control.
When to see a dermatologist
- Acne is painful, deep or cyst-like
- Pimples leave marks or scars
- Over-the-counter products have not helped in 2–3 months
- Acne starts suddenly in adulthood or comes with irregular periods or excess hair growth
- It is affecting your confidence or mood
Helpful ingredients to read about
Related treatments at the clinic
This page is for general information and is not a diagnosis. Please consult a dermatologist for advice about your own skin, hair or nails.